Plain-English guide

What is a MERP? Medical Expense Reimbursement Plans, explained

A MERP — Medical Expense Reimbursement Plan — is an employer-funded arrangement that reimburses employees for eligible medical expenses. When the plan meets IRS requirements, reimbursements are tax-free to the employee and deductible for the employer. Catilize Health has administered MERP programs for employers of all sizes across the country for more than 17 years.

A family sharing a picnic in the park, framed by the Catilize C

How a MERP works

Instead of paying for every dollar of care through a traditional group health plan, the employer funds a plan that reimburses employees directly for out-of-pocket medical costs — premiums, deductibles, copays, and other eligible expenses, as defined in the plan document.

  1. The employer adopts a MERP and defines what the plan reimburses.
  2. Eligible employees enroll and submit proof of expenses (or use a plan ID card where accepted).
  3. The plan reimburses the employee, tax-free, for eligible out-of-pocket costs.

Where Section 105 comes in

Medical Expense Reimbursement Plans are sanctioned by Section 105(h) of the Internal Revenue Code. Before 1978, employer plans commonly paired a high deductible for the rank and file with a MERP for officers and managers; the 1978 changes introduced nondiscrimination tests for self-insured MERPs. Our founder, Kevin O’Kane, watched those Senate subcommittee sessions first-hand. Read the founder story.

The spousal MERP: a bolt-on that reduces employer health costs

The most powerful use of a MERP is the spousal incentive model — the program Catilize Health® specializes in. Many employees have access to a second option: a spouse’s employer-sponsored health plan. A spousal MERP gives those employees a reason to use it:

  • The employee (and dependents) enroll in the spouse’s employer-sponsored plan.
  • The employee waives the employer’s group medical plan.
  • The employer’s MERP reimburses the family’s out-of-pocket costs on the spouse’s plan — the program is designed so participants have 100% coverage with $0 out of pocket.
  • The employer’s plan sheds the claims risk and cost for that family, while large claims are covered by the spouse’s insurer.

The result: employees get richer coverage than they had, and the employer converts an open-ended healthcare liability into a smaller, predictable reimbursement cost. It bolts onto your existing benefits — no carrier change, no disruption to the rest of your plan, and no new administrative burden, because Catilize handles plan documents, enrollment, claims adjudication, customer service, reporting, and compliance.

MERP vs. spousal surcharge vs. spousal carve-out

Employers trying to manage spousal coverage costs often consider a spousal carve-out (excluding spouses who have coverage available elsewhere) or a spousal surcharge (charging extra to cover them). Both are “stick” approaches — they take something away, and employees feel it.

A spousal incentive MERP is the “carrot” version of the same strategy: employees move to the spouse’s plan because it makes their family better off, not because they were forced. Participation is voluntary, the benefit is visible every time a medical bill is reimbursed, and the employer still captures the savings.

ApproachWhat the employee experiencesWhat the employer gets
Spousal surchargePays more to keep a spouse on the planSome cost recovery; spouse’s claims stay on the plan
Spousal carve-outSpouse loses eligibilityClaims leave the plan; goodwill often leaves with them
Spousal MERPFamily moves to the spouse’s plan with $0 out of pocketClaims and risk leave the plan; pricing is based on savings

Tax benefits for employers and employees

Under a compliant plan, reimbursed claims are not taxable income to the enrollee, and the employer’s contributions are a deductible business expense. Because the spousal MERP replaces open-ended group-plan claims with defined reimbursements, the savings compound: organizations implementing the MERP only pay when they save money, and the program is cash flow positive in the first 30 days.

Employer and employee eligibility

Any employer offering a group medical plan can add a MERP to its menu. Employees are eligible when they are currently enrolled in the employer’s medical plan and their spouse has access to coverage through his or her own employer. The full eligibility rules, and what counts as proof of alternate coverage, are on the employee page.

The claims process

Enrollees show the ID card for the spouse’s plan first and the MERP ID card second. If the provider accepts the MERP card, the plan pays the out-of-pocket cost. If not, the participant pays up front and sends the Explanation of Benefits with the receipt or bill; Catilize verifies the service and in-network provider and reimburses, typically within two weeks and no longer than 30 days.

A real-world example

In 1992 a large manufacturing client told our founder that without a 30% cut in healthcare costs, 8,000 jobs would move to Mexico. Excluding working spouses (the “JCPenney rule”) would have delivered the savings but punished employees. Combining a MERP with spousal enrollment instead paid every deductible, copay and coinsurance for families who joined the spouse’s plan. The client realized almost a 40% cost reduction, and the integrated MERP that Catilize Health administers today was born. Read the full story.

One program, many names

Employers brand the program for their own workforce, so you may see it under names such as SIHRA® (Spousal Incentive HRA), Spousal MERP™, SAP™ (Spousal Advantage Plan), MAP™, FCIP™, the NetZero Health Plan™ and others. If your employer offers one of these, it’s the same Catilize-administered program described here. Check your enrollment materials or ask your HR team for your plan’s page.

Common questions about MERPs

Is a MERP tax-free?

When the plan is properly documented and administered in compliance with IRS rules, reimbursements are tax-free to the employee and deductible to the employer. Catilize Health provides the plan document, SBC, SPD, and compliance support as part of its turnkey administration.

Is a MERP the same as an HRA?

They’re closely related. Both are employer-funded arrangements that reimburse medical expenses. Some Catilize programs are structured as HRAs (for example, the Spousal Incentive HRA, SIHRA®). Which structure fits depends on your plan design; that’s part of the program setup.

Is a MERP a Section 105 plan?

Yes. Medical Expense Reimbursement Plans are sanctioned by Section 105(h) of the Internal Revenue Code, which is where the words “Medical Expense Reimbursement Plan” appear. Self-insured MERPs must pass the section’s nondiscrimination tests, which Catilize Health’s plan design and administration account for.

What is the difference between a spousal surcharge, a spousal carve-out and a spousal MERP?

A spousal surcharge charges employees extra to keep a spouse who has other coverage available on your plan. A spousal carve-out excludes those spouses altogether. A spousal MERP is the incentive alternative: employees voluntarily move their family to the spouse’s plan because the MERP reimburses their out-of-pocket costs, and the employer captures the savings without taking anything away.

What does it cost?

Catilize Health’s pricing is savings-based: the program is priced against the savings it creates. Contact us for an analysis based on your census.

Who is eligible to participate?

Employees currently enrolled in the employer’s medical plan whose spouse has access to coverage through the spouse’s employer. Spouses on Medicare, Tricare, Medicaid, individual Marketplace plans, HDHPs with active HSA contributions, stand-alone HRAs, short-term or limited-benefit plans are not eligible, nor are self-employed spouses.

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